This Part 2 is the continuation and conclusion to “Doctrinal Disunity Impacts Evangelism (1)”. Part 1 should be read first.
There are presently more than 2.2 billion Christians worldwide. But they are divided into more than 40,000 denominations, sects, or groups! Disunity within Christendom not only divides the body of Christ, but the perception of Christian disunity also hinders evangelism both here and abroad.
Answers.com How Many Christian Denominations Are There? “Different people have different beliefs in Christianity. Unfortunately, those differences lead to divisions. God requires unity. Jesus’ last prayer was for His disciples to remain united (John 17). The Lord never intended for His church to be divided into competing groups teaching different doctrines. The Lord is not the Lord of confusion. Much of Christianity has been polluted by other false pagan religions, which has led to differing beliefs and unscriptural practices which has caused them to break apart.” Unscriptural practices cause division!
The apostle Paul exhorted Titus in Ti.2:7, “Be an example of good works, with soundness in doctrine”.
The question was posed: What if all Christian beliefs and practices were based on scriptural doctrine, with no pagan or contradicting unscriptural practices based on man’s traditions that cause disunity?
Most Christian churches make the claim that their beliefs, teachings and practices are based on the Holy Bible. The late Dr. Myles Munroe wrote in 2008, “The Bible is the Constitution of the Kingdom of God”. Pastor Benny Hinn says, “The Holy Spirit authored the Bible”. That’s the written scriptures.
The inspired word of God, the holy scriptures of the Bible, is the true standard for our faith! 1Ti.4:13 Paul told Timothy to do public reading of Old Testament (OT) scriptures in church. The written word of God is the basis, the foundation, of true knowledge…unlike various dogmatic traditions of men.
Our topic is addressing four points of Bible doctrine which impact Christian unity and evangelism. Part 1 addressed two causes of disunity…controversy concerning #1) Clean vs Unclean and #2) Blood. (also see the topics “Unclean versus Clean Food” and “Acts 15 – Four Prohibitions”.) Now in Part 2, we’ll address two other causes of disunity, #3) and #4), also pertaining to doctrine.
#3) 7th DAY SABBATH rest: There’s been much controversy in the church over whether Christians should keep the 7th day sabbath of scripture, or the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) and Protestant Sunday of tradition, or neither. Let’s see what the scriptures reveal.
The 7th day sabbath has its beginnings at Creation. The Holy Spirit and Christ, the Spirit and the Word, are the Creators (ref Ge.1:1-2, 26; Jb.33:4; Jn.1:1-3; Col.1:16), being the divine agents of Father God.
When Creation was finished, Christ ceased (shabáth Strongs h7673, Hebrew verb) or rested. Ge.2:1-3 “By the 7th day God finished His work which He had done, and He ceased on the 7th day. Then God blessed the 7th day and sanctified it, because in it He ceased from all His work which He had created and made.” Although the first six days were all good, only the 7th Day did Christ bless and sanctify or make holy! This is the great prototype of the weekly 7th day sabbath, an intermission dedicated to God.
The 7th day sabbath is a sign which identifies God as the Creator of all. No other day of the week so reflects God as Creator. By resting on the 7th day, the believer shows that his God is the Creator. We may choose to rest or worship God on other days too. But as Lord of the 7th day sabbath, Christ ordained at creation (when there were no Jews!) the 7th day as holy or sanctified…and no other day of the week. And throughout the Bible, Christ nowhere rescinded His 7th day as holy time!
“Sabbath” is a holy day/period of cessation from certain activities. JFB Commentary Ge.2:3 “The institution of the Sabbath is as old as creation.” Benson Commentary Ge.2:3 “God blessed the seventh day’. He…separated it from common use…that it should be spent in His worship. It appears evidently by this, that the observation of the sabbath was not first enjoined when the law [Mosaic] was given, but it was an ordinance of God from the creation of the world.”
Theóphilus, bishop of Antioch (175 AD) To Autolýcus 2:12 “The 7th day, which all men acknowledge.” The 7th day rest time is universal, from Ge.2:3. Not Sunday, not any other day of the week is holy.
RCC Archbishop James Gibbons wrote in The Faith of Our Fathers, 1876, p.89 “You may read the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, and you will not find a single line authorizing the sanctification of Sunday. The Scriptures enforce the religious observance of Saturday, a day which we never sanctify.”
Irish RCC Father Stephen Keenan, A Doctrinal Catechism, 1851, p.174 “She [RCC] substituted the observance of Sunday the 1st day of the week, for the observance of Saturday the 7th day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority.” The RCC admits the RCC made the change! Christ didn’t.
Jesuit Father Martin J. Scott, Things Catholics Are Asked About, 1927, p.136 “Nowhere in the Bible is it stated that worship should be changed from Saturday to Sunday. The Church…instituted, by God’s authority, Sunday as the day of worship.” These RCC admissions are surprising!? Also non-RCC:
Evangelist Dwight L. Moody, Weighed and Wanting, p.47 “The Sabbath was binding in Eden, and it has been in force ever since. This 4th commandment begins with the word ‘remember’, showing that the Sabbath already existed when God wrote the law on the tables of stone at Sinai. How can men claim that this one commandment has been done away when they will admit the other nine are still binding?”
Methodist theologian Harris F. Rall Christian Advocate, 1942, p.26 “The matter of Sunday…There are indications in the New Testament [NT] how the church came to keep the first day of the week as its day, but there is no passage telling Christians to keep that day, or transfer the Jewish Sabbath to that day.”
Pulpit Commentary 1Co.16:2 “This verse can hardly be said to imply any religious observance of the Sunday.” Cambridge Bible Ga.4:10 “There is clearly no exemption here from the obligation of the observance of ‘the 7th day’. The law of the Sabbath…is as old as the Creation.”
Adam Clark Commentary Co.2:16 “There is no intimation here that the Sabbath was done away, or that its moral use was superseded, by the introduction of Christianity. ‘Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy’, is a command of perpetual obligation.” JFB Commentary Col.2:16 “The weekly sabbath rests on a more permanent foundation, having been instituted in Paradise to commemorate the completion of Creation in six days.” And Jesus Himself, the Creator in the flesh, observed the sabbath day (Lk.4:16).
Lutheran August Neander, The History of the Christian Religion and Church, p.186 “The festival of Sunday, was always only a human ordinance, and it was far from the intentions of the apostles to establish a Divine command in this respect…to transfer the laws of the Sabbath to Sunday.” Jesus’ apostles didn’t try to change the 7th day sabbath. The NT never says Sunday is the church or gentiles’ sabbath, in the manner that Saturday is sabbath holy time. It shouldn’t be about gentiles vs Jews racism!
Anglican priest and scholar Joseph Bingham, Antiquities of the Christian Church “The ancient Christians were very careful in the observation of Saturday, or the 7th day. It is plain that all the Oriental churches, and the greatest part of the world, observed the Sabbath as a festival. Epíphanius says the same.” (v.2, b.20, ch.3, sec 1, 66) “Athanásius says: They met on the Sabbath, not because they were infected with Judaism, but to worship Jesus, the Lord of the sabbath.” (b.13, ch.9, sec 3.) The 7th day sabbath and its observance long predates Judaism.
Many other reputable theologians say the 7th day sabbath is holy time, unchanged by God since Creation. (see “Sabbath 7th Day” series, and “Sabbath Day Became Sunday in Rome” for man’s steps of change.)
Christ said in Ex.20:8, “Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy”. Since it was holy at Creation.
The customary practice of setting aside Sunday as the day of Christian worship is man’s tradition. But some Christians have rightly viewed God’s word, not the traditions of men, as the true authority! Church traditions have divided Christ’s body. Jesus accused the Pharisees in Mk.7:8-9, “Neglecting the commandment of God, you hold to the tradition of men”. The Pharisees were popular. Yet Jesus was against their wrong traditional dogmatic views (and their burdensome minutiae of sabbath observance).
The RCC Sunday tradition is a form of Phariseeism. And most Christians ignore Christ’s holy time that has come & gone every 7th day since Creation…to keep the RCC (and ensuing Protestant) tradition. Dr. Dave Miller Unbelief and a Divided Christendom “When people introduce personal creeds, human interpretations, and religious additions to God’s doctrine, disunity inevitably results.”
Sabbath is cessation, rest. Even most of those who customarily attend church on Sunday don’t really rest on that day. We want Jews to be converted to Christ. But mainstream Christianity appears false to them. Christians eat the unclean (unlike Jews and many Muslims), and don’t fully rest (on Sunday) as religious Jews rest on Saturday. Christian efforts at evangelism are thereby hindered.
There’s a health benefit too in sabbath rest. The need for rest every 7 days is built into our human bodies, as Christ created us. Wikipedia: Circaseptan “A circaseptan rhythm is a cycle consisting of 7 days in which many biological processes of life evolve.” Several of our bodily processes and defenses reset approximately every 7 days. For example: Immune response to infections, blood & urine chemicals, blood pressure, heartbeat, coping hormones. (ref Erhard Haus Chronobiology in the Endocrine System.)
Mankind’s body clock is ticking to the ‘beat of 7’…we can’t annul it! But we can violate it by not resting every 7 days. Jesus said in Mk.2:27-28, “The sabbath was made for man”. He’s the Creator of it; and He knows our physical and spiritual needs. (I’m not Seventh Day Adventist.)
#4) FEASTS observance: Some minority groups today think Christians should observe the OT pilgrim feasts which the Lord gave to ancient Israel…Passover, Péntecost/Shavúot, Booths/Tabernacles/Sukkót.
Scriptural guidelines regarding #1) Clean vs unclean, #2) Blood, #3) 7th Day Sabbath rest…are seen in Genesis before there was ever a nation of Israel or Jews or the Mosaic Law. But not so with the Feasts. Unlike the weekly sabbath rest day of Ge.2:1-3, there were no pilgrim feasts prior to Moses.
The three pilgrim feasts of Israel were to be kept only at the location where God placed His Name, the site of the physical tabernacle/temple sanctuary. De.16:5-6 “You are not allowed to sacrifice the Passover in any of the towns which the Lord your God is giving you, but at the place where the Lord chooses to establish His name.” ref also De.12:5, 14, 17-18, 26, 14:23-25, 16:1-2, 10-11, 15-16, concerning keeping pilgrim feasts in that one place only. God’s one place was in the Holy Land, not elsewhere in other nations! The timing of the feasts was based on the agricultural cycle in Israel.
God’s people were to keep the feasts solely at the city where the sanctuary was, never at two or more locations simultaneously! (see the topics “Feasts of the Lord and the Jews” and “Ark of the Testimony – Journeys”.)
Neither in the OT nor in the NT do we read of people, with or without the Holy Spirit, keeping pilgrim feasts in a town away from the environs of the central sanctuary in Israel where God had put His Name! All NT passages about pilgrim feasts show them being kept only at Jerusalem, where the temple was.
Another of God’s requirements for keeping the ceremonial feasts was physical circumcision. ref Ex.12:48, Ezk.44:9, Lam.1:10, Ac.21:28-29. Uncircumcised gentiles weren’t allowed in the temple where the Passover and other pilgrim feasts were kept by circumcised Israelites/Jews & Jewish proselytes! Outsiders could come no closer than the Court of the Gentiles. (Note: Physical circumcision isn’t necessary for salvation. see “Circumcision in the Bible” and “Passover and Peace Offerings”.)
G.J. Goldberg wrote, “With the destruction of the Temple, the pilgrimage festivals could no longer be observed in their prescribed forms.” It’s impossible to really keep a scriptural pilgrim feast today! For nearly 2,000 years, the required singular earthly sanctuary where God’s Name was…hasn’t existed!
Jews today do a ritual seder (‘order’) for a traditional retelling of ancient Israel’s exodus from Egypt. But the seder isn’t an actual Passover feast (and isn’t meant to be), as the scriptures define Passover. And 90% of Jews normally work during the pilgrim feast days of Sukkot/Booths and Shavuot/Pentecost. Also, Muslims don’t keep these feasts. (I’m not Jewish or Muslim.)
And in scripture, pilgrim feasts weren’t authorized to be kept just anywhere by people whose bodies are the temple of God via the Holy Spirit (1Co.3:16). Without that one place available (Jerusalem temple), there was no lawful pilgrim feast! Other simultaneous sites would be counterfeit pseudo-feasts.
In Ro.10:2, Paul wrote of those who “have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge”. Although there are well-meaning ‘Hebrew roots’ groups and Christians who think they’re observing pilgrim feasts in other cities simultaneously…scripturally, such practice isn’t to be done (cf. 1Ki.12:32–13:5).
Christian groups who traditionally promote pilgrim feast-keeping today may pharisaically cause other Christians, who don’t claim to be observing pilgrim feasts, to feel less righteous or perhaps lacking in Bible understanding. This harms the body of Christ and causes division. And disunity is further caused by calendar differences even among the groups trying to promote and pinpoint the exact when for their pseudo-feast observances. It is confusion. (also see “Days Israel Observed – God-Ordained”.)
Concluding: The four scriptural points of doctrine addressed in Part 1 and Part 2…most (mainstream) churches rarely examine in-depth. Yet these points contribute to our living a harmonious healthy life in Christ (Jn.10:10). Perks of His Kingdom! Jn.17:17 “Thy word is truth.” That’s all the written scripture of the OT too. Again, ref “Doctrinal Disunity Impacts Evangelism (1)”. (for more on early evangelism, see the topic “Evangelism in the Apostolic Church”.)
I like to believe that, as time goes on, more of the church at large will honor these four points. This will increase unity in Christendom. A fractured Christianity has hindered evangelism. Dr. Dave Miller op. cit. “Disunity confuses and discourages honest searchers of truth.” Jn.17:11 Jesus prayed that His disciples would be unified, as one. And this unity should contribute to furthering our evangelistic success…making Christians, Jews and Muslims more like-minded in these truths of God’s word.
As we and mankind learns the Lord’s principles of life (De.30:14-16), the church as a whole will benefit from less disunity and better (table) fellowship. And when our days are fulfilled, we’ll live with Jesus in eternity! Praise the Lord!
Bible Topic Exposition 